Writing an Academic Essay - 1224 Words

Academic writing is different from other forms of writing; it is distinctive, clear and concise. This essay will describe the factors that contribute to the credibility of an academic piece of writing, and incorporating them effectively into your own writing. In this essay I will further discuss the following three features to enrich credible academic writing; planning and drafting, critical writing and referencing and plagiarism. With an abundant quantity of literature available, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to the credibility of an academic piece of writing. With the amount of literature available, especially with the Internet, making critical choices about what to read is the first step in in critical†¦show more content†¦You cannot expect all material that you turn up to be as reliable as peer-reviewed journal articles and official publications. As (Turabian, 2007) suggests, you will probably find more sources than you can use, so you must evaluate their usefulness by skimming quickly for two criteria: relevance and reliability. A peer-reviewed source is considered to be a reliable source, as they must endure a thorough review process, with many professional reviewers involved. Peer-review maintains standards and ensures reporting is truthful and as accurate as possible (Hames, 2007). Peer-reviewers examine the accuracy of factual information, and respond with question s and critique of any conclusion made. The reviewers may disagree with the writer or they may agree that they are a professional in the field. The source is further credible if a person with a university degree or other credentials within the field has written it. Having the aptitude to critically source credible sources permits for the effective planning and drafting of your writing. Planning and drafting academic assessments is a crucial aspect in effective academic writing and educational success. The key to successful writing is strong planning, research skills and drafting capability. (Sellers, Dochen Hodges 2005) highlighted that Observation of writers producing non-trivial texts suggests that most spendShow MoreRelated Writing the Academic Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesWriting the Academic Essay For many high school students, the academic essay is an unforgiving monster that terrorizes their campus, a nightmarish beast that can rip the heart out of G.P.A.s and dash all hopes for college admission. Yet, others tame this friend with ease, bending its cruel will to theirs as if it was nothing, as if they possessed a secret weapon. Well, guess what? They do! Successful essayists succeed because they are armed with the exact knowledge of what an essay isRead MoreThe Six Steps of Writing an Academic Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesThere are six steps to writing an academic essay. If you follow each of these steps correctly, you will find that you can write university essays that will earn you a distinction (or high distinction) every time. It is simply a matter of understanding what steps to follow, and then completing each of them thoroughly. This article provides an outline and brief description of each of these steps. It is an introduction to a series of articles that will examine each step in more depth. Reading justRead MoreEssay on An Individuals Reflection on Academic Writing 951 Words   |  4 PagesAnother Step of a Long Process: Studying English Academic writing is an art of expressing and transforming thoughts and ideas into physical form to deliver information logically and scientifically. 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However incorrect use of these basic steps can lead the paper to lackRead MoreHow Society s Image Of Women Have Changed Over The Past Years905 Words   |  4 Pages I must be an unbendable writing, I am still stuck on the usual middle school â€Å"hamburger multiple paragraph† essay structure. After reading three academic writing essays my ideas of academic writing has not changed. Even though all three types of essays were forms of academic writing, I came across my own theory. Everyone has their own unique way of writing that makes their essay standout to be academic writing. What someone else might think is academic writing another person might not thinkRead MoreComparison Of Thonney, Williams, And Mcenerney1750 Words   |  7 PagesMcEnerney Writing consists of self expression, an outlet of creativity to communicate ideas. An individualism thought, purpose, and goal we are able to carry out towards our intended audience. Writing allows us to credit those who have impacted our lives positively. Furthermore, Academic essay writing is an important and effective piece in one’s life in order to gain knowledge that will allow us to present our ideas clearly and logically. Furthering your education consist of constantly writing papersRead MoreFree Papers1007 Words   |  5 PagesIf you are looking for free academic papers such as free essays, free term papers, free research papers, free dissertations, free book reports/book reviews, free essays, free speeches, there exists a chance of being accused of plagiarism. Free papers downloaded from essay databases and essay sites can be easily detected by plagiarism detection systems and sofwares. You can find a lot of resources and sites with databases of free sample papers and free example papers on any topic. You can use these

How important was Berlin to the development and outbreak of the Cold War, 1945-1961 Free Essays

string(183) " Looking at those different factors overall you can say that the most significant problem in the year of 1945 was the dropping of the A-bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in August 1945\." The first period of time we need to look at is the year of 1945, when the Second World War ended. This was also the year when the Yalta, in February 1945, and the Potsdam Conference, in July 1945, was hold in order to discuss certain problems and plans that occurred or should have been done after the end of war. The tensions, which had lead to the beginning of the Cold War started to emerge more intensively at those two conferences, as there were many areas of disagreement between the USA and the USSR. We will write a custom essay sample on How important was Berlin to the development and outbreak of the Cold War, 1945-1961? or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the four main areas of disagreement was Germany. As the Yalta Conference was hold in February 1945 the war against Germany and Japan was still on going but an end of all terror was close. Problems that had emerged from the Tehran Conference, that had been hold in 1943, had to be resolved at that conference. It was agreed that that Germany firstly had to be divided into four zones being occupied by Britain, France, the USA and the USSR. Germany should also pay reparations to the countries it had damaged in the wart earlier, especially huge amounts to Russia as Stalin demanded. However, Stalin also did not like the idea of splitting Germany into two parts. Could Cold War Have Been Avoided? iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/could-cold-war-have-been-avoided/embed/#?secret=mVfKsyFtcy" data-secret="mVfKsyFtcy" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Could Cold War Have Been Avoided?#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Germany, by paying huge amounts of money to Russia and other countries, should be weakened by that so I would not become a future threat anymore. Also Stalin intended to finance Russia’s rebuild of the destructions, which it has suffered from Nazi Germany in the war. In the year 1952 Stalin still seemed to favour the idea of a united Germany over which the USSR had no control but some influence. However, there were also other factors of disagreement at those conferences, which caused massive problems in the relationship between the USA and the USSR. Poland for example proved to be more difficult than Germany. Eventually, the superpowers agreed that the USSR’s demands over Poland’s border in the east would be met. Furthermore Poland should receive territorial compensation from Germany. Additionally Stalin did believe that the Allies would have accepted Poland’s mainly communist or USSR sympathetic government. However, Churchill was not sure about what Stalin intended to do and returned to his strong anti-communism by 1945. Adding to that also Roosevelt shared this point of view. After Roosevelt’s death in April 1945 a new harsher era towards the Soviet Union started to emerge under Truman in power of the USA. As the free elections, which had been decided to be carried out in the Yalta Conference, had not taken place in Poland yet Truman refused to listen to Molotov’s explanations for that. US suspicions about Soviet motives about a security in Eastern Europe increased. However, at the Potsdam Conference hold in July 1945 the decision for the acceptance of Russian plans for Poland was made although the issue of Poland was very complex. Stalin saw it as an issue influencing the life or the death of the Soviet Union. Churchill however saw it as an act of honour. Roosevelt had always been against the idea of a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. In Stalin’s point of view however Russia needed this sphere to provide security for the Soviet Union. He created worries about such a sphere, as the new US call for an â€Å"Open Door† policy was introduced, involving the suggestion of not having such spheres of influence. Roosevelt however suggested that those disagreement should be an issue rather as the war would be ended that during the war. This of course motivated or rather gave Stalin the time to ensure Soviet security interests in Eastern Europe. Apart from disagreements about Poland and Eastern Europe there was also a third issue where the USA and the USSR did not agree with each other. Russia had suffered hugely from horrible destruction in the Second World War. As the Axis forces had retreated between 1944 and 1945, they have left systematic destruction behind, destroying 1,700 towns and 17,000 villages. Due to that Stalin saw economic reconstruction as a priority after the war. However, Truman tried everything to contain the Soviet power whenever it was possible. Due to that, at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, Truman said that the USA would agree to any reparations being paid to Russia by East Germany. However, in return Russia would have to send 60% of the, from West received, goods in form of goods and raw materials back to the West again. In 1944 Russia however agreed to join the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. But when the USSR asked for a 6 billion dollar loan in January 1945, the USA said she would only agree if the Soviet Union would open its Eastern markets to the US capital. Obviously Russia did not accept these conditions. But at the Yalta Conference it was agreed from both sides that a 10 billion dollar loan from Germany would be accepted as a beginning of the reparations. However, as in August 1945 a request for a 1,000 billion dollar loan was ignored by the US side, the USSR increased reparation payments from it own Eastern sector. A final point of disagreements or rather arguments was the drop of the A-bomb of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 by the USA. This was a slap in the face of the USSR, as at the Yalta Conference it was agreed that Russia and the USA would end the war with Japan together. It was also seen as a refusal to share new US technology with the USSR. Truman did decide that, in order to prevent any Russian communist influence in Asia. Stalin interpreted that behaviour as demonstration of a strong USA next to a weak USSR. Looking at those different factors overall you can say that the most significant problem in the year of 1945 was the dropping of the A-bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in August 1945. You read "How important was Berlin to the development and outbreak of the Cold War, 1945-1961?" in category "Papers" Both the USA and the USSR had shown each other before that they would not work together in certain situations. However, as the USA and the USSR had agreed to finish the war with Japan together after Germany would have been defeated but the USA literally ended that issue on its own it clearly amplified the fact of not wanting to work together. Also it showed that there was a sort of competition going on already and that Truman wanted to prevent any Soviet demands for influence in Asia. He wanted, as far as possible, to contain Soviet power and reduce the Soviet sphere. Secondly we need to look at the time period between the years of 1946 and 1949, which were the years just after the world war when everything was recovering and Germany was split up into different zones. By looking at the end of 1945, we can definitely say, that there were great disputes between the USA and USSR already. The West was also concerned about developments in the Middle East and the eastern Mediterranean, where the US had significant interests. Iran was mainly an area of US concern, as the USSR was feared to spread its influence there. The USSR also replied with saying that they had as much right as the USA to oil. Immediately the Iranian prime minister was urged by the American side, which forced Stalin to back down in order to get a deal of oil concessions. However, Stalin was never really interested in that area which again shows that the competition and tensions were going on and each side tried to use any chance for an argument or a disagreement. The same situation of the Soviet leader backing down happened in the spring and summer of 1946, when concessions from Turkey were opposed and the Russian leader once again backed down. However, the most significant problems of that time period took place in Europe. To start with, we look at Germany and the problem of reparations. Both sides feared during the cold war the country would become part of the opposite camp. At the Potsdam Conference it was agreed that Germany should be divided into four Allied zones and it should act, as one economic unit administered by the ACC. Berlin should also be divvied into four zones and Germany should be demilitarised, de-Nazified, democratised, decentralised and de-industrialised. During there were agreements on that issue, the issue of reparations still seemed to cause problems. Tensions over the political developments in the Soviet Union started to emerge early. The main area was economic, as the USSR supported the idea of a rather agricultural country but the US demanded an industrialised Germany. At the Paris meeting of the Council of foreign ministers, Byrnes decided to test the Soviet co-operation over the Potsdam agreements by the four allies proposing an act that demilitarised Germany for the next 25 years. Russia agreed but still the USA refused to talk about the question of reparations. Further refusals of reparations from the US side were given in July 1945, when Molotov insisted for a 10 billion dollar loan. Additionally demands for reparations were refused again at the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in Moscow. Furthermore Russia had to accept that there would not be shipping of coal and steel to the USSR anymore and that the USSR would have to give back some of the resources it already received by the West. This proposal however was rejected by the USSR. The Soviet Union saw that as an attempt to build up the Western Germany economy and therefore also saw it as another military, potential threat as it might ally to the more or less enemy USA. The meeting of the Council of Foreign Minister in London in December 1947 was judged to fail even before it took place as Britain and the USA would not agree on any reparations paid to Russia by Germany. However at this meeting the creation of Bizonia was decided, where Britain and the US would join to create a separate West Germany. Then half a year later in 1948, France also decided to join this pact and Trizonia emerged together with the introduction of the Deutschmark, a new currency, which was also introduced in West Berlin a few days later. This of course was a clear statement to the Soviet Union that the USA did not have any intentions to work together with the USSR. Tensions between the two superpowers increased further during the first Berlin Crisis at the Berlin Blockade in 1948. As the USSR did not like the idea of a divided Germany they put pressure on West Berlin by cutting of all road, rail and freight traffics as well as the supply of electricity. This however did not result in a hot war in the Cold War, as the USA replied with a massive airlift delivering food and fuel to West Berlin. It was ended as Stalin also called of the blockade one year later. The USA interpreted that blockade as a statement to drive the Allies out of West Berlin and take over the Western zones of Germany. Therefore in May 1949, the FDR was created. The USSR first did not want accept that division but then in October decided to agree with that division and the GDR was set up in Eastern Germany with the Soviet Control Commission supervising that area. This division of Germany demonstrated the division of whole Europe into two hostile camps. However there were also other events than in Germany at that period of time that further increased the tension between the two superpowers. Firstly Kennan’s Long Telegram where Kennan argued that the USSR was a dangerous and expansionist state due to its security fears, internal politics and leadership as well as its Marxist-Leninist views and ideology. He also said the USA would never be able or willing to co-operate with such a state and therefore this telegram influenced US foreign policy towards the USSR, such as the creation of the policy of containment. Furthermore the Iron Curtain speech by Winston Churchill supported what Kennan’s Long Telegram had already amplified. It argued for an end of compromise and arguing against Roosevelt’s idea at the Yalta Conference to co-operate with the USSR. Stalin saw Churchill as Hitler and immediately interpreted that as a call for war with the USSR. Due to that anti-Western propaganda in the Soviet Union strongly increased. Adding to that Kennan had supported the division of Germany and therefore of Europe before it was even considered at the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in London. Meanwhile, the USSR pursued a very flexible approach in the years after the war. It might have had expansionist and opportunistic views and parts but after all the Russians were prepared to communicate and co-operate with the US side. But as time developed and tensions increased people with more extreme and harsher views came to power in these hostile camps. John Foster Dulles for example called for military and economic supports for states threatened by communism. Byrnes spent 5,700 billion dollars on stabilising economy outside the Soviet sphere in 1946. If the USSR had wanted economic support all trade barriers should have been called off and the US should have a greater say in economic issues in Eastern Europe. Next to those events that increased the tensions between the USSR and the USA or rather generally events that caused problems we also need to look at the economic crisis in Western Europe between 1946 and 1947. In America, although there was a great media campaign against the communistic Soviet Union, the majority of people were not convinced to give loans to allied countries or to increase the military budget. There was even voted for a cut of Truman’s budget, including military expenditure. However, the bad situation in Western Europe finally seemed to go into the direction of persuading them to change their opinion: Many countries in Europe had suffered horribly in terms of their economy. Furthermore there were bad harvests due to the severe winter in 1946-1947. Additionally communist parties gained more popularity especially in France and in Italy. George Marshall, the secretary of state, said that there would be needed 17 billion dollars to recover Europe’s economy. This was still not enough for the Republican Congress. Only in 1947, when Britain announced that it would not be able anymore to give economic aid to Greece and Turkey everything changed. Acheson linked economic loans to the communist struggle and persuaded people to support Truman’s policy of containment. He argued with the â€Å"rotten apple† theory and the theory of the domino effect. As a response of that the US side set up the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. As economic aid of 300 million dollars was given to Greece and 100 million dollars to Turkey and military advisors were sent to Greece, Stalin interpreted that as an act to enlarge the US sphere of influence. Coming to the Marshall plan, the US thought it would be able to recover Europe’s economy with a revived German economy. However the agreement about that question failed at the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in Moscow in April 1947, as the USA still refused to talk about reparations being paid to the USSR and as the USSR was uncompromising about that topic. Then as the Marshall Plan was announced on 5 June 1947 it was clear that the USSR would not accept the conditions and requirements, which the economic aid required to happen. The USA and the USSR saw the Marshall Plan as an attempt to weaken the Soviet control of the East part of Europe. Furthermore the USSR saw it as a statement of â€Å"dollar imperialism† been introduced to establish US influence in Europe. However, the US economic and political domination Europe did not benefit from the Marshall Plan. Tensions between the superpowers increased further as were was a repeated refusal of reparations paid to the USSR by Germany at talks in early June. After that talk it was decided to exclude the USSR from further discussions. Under Andrei Zhdanov the Marshall Plan was even describes as being an act of preparing to extend the US power in order to launch a new world war. In one of his speeches he even describes the world as being divided into two opposing camps, which later was famous as the â€Å"Two-Camps† Doctrine. Furthermore the establishment of Cominform marked the end of the flexible and hesitant foreign policy of the USSR compared to US actions. Finally, as the tension increased more the CIA intervened in Italian and French politics to act against communist influence. This only motivated Stalin’s determination to control Eastern Europe even more and to get rid of those agents in France and Italy. The Soviet Union replied with plans to increase the control of Eastern Europe and also to integrate their economies into the USSRs one. These measure only increased Cold War tensions even more. Now, by looking at all what happened in this time period, we can definitely say that Germany was the biggest problem at that time. The formation of Bizonia and Trizonia clearly amplified that the USA did not want to co-operate with the USSR and that the establishment of two hostile camps was necessary. Furthermore the Berlin blockade showed the same intentions for the USSR, it did not want to work with the USA. Finally he introduction of the Deutschmark symbolised a clear separation between Western Germany/USA and Eastern Europe/USSR. Finally we need to look at the time period between 1954 and 1961 to judge whether Berlin or rather Germany was the biggest problem in the years between 1945 and 1961. After Stalin’s death in 1953 Khrushchev came to power in the USSR. This year marked a development towards better relationships as now Stalin was dead and therefore the extremist views about the US seemed to rest for a certain period of time. The new leader of the Soviet Union seemed to be keen about compromising with the West, as he was less paranoid than Stalin. For Khrushchev Berlin was an embarrassing problem and he wanted to find a solution for that problem. He tried to create better relationships also to avoid a nuclear war. However, as we look at the years between 1958 and 1961 and therefore and the second Berlin crisis we can see that there were also moments of disagreements and argument as there before already. The second Berlin crisis emerged as Khrushchev set up the first Berlin Ultimatum. This meant that the West had to sign a formal peace with Germany and agree that West Berlin should become demilitarised as well as an international area. If that would not be signed there would be a separate peace signed with the GDR handing over the control of the access routes into West Berlin. These moves were firstly done to prevent West Berlin from becoming a nuclear power but also to impress Chinese communist leaders and his own people. Although Khrushchev gave them a time limit of sixth months to sign the Ultimatum neither the act of signing happened nor was a peace signed the GDR. By 1959 however, 200,000 people were moving from East Berlin to West Berlin each year badly affecting the East Berlin economy. Ulbricht wanted to unify Berlin, as he did not want any West be present in East Germany, whereas Khrushchev wanted divisions to occur between the two areas. After the Vienna Summit, Khrushchev gave his OK for Ulbricht the building of a physical Berlin division and set another six months deadline for the West to sign a peace pact. However, as by August 1961 there were 20,00 0 refugees moving to West Berlin Khrushchev approved the Berlin border to be secured between 3 and 5 August. At first a barbed wire was set up and by 13 August the building of a wall was completed. The Berlin Wall remained as Cold War image until the pull down in November 1989 when the Cold War moved away from Germany, Europe. The wall however also solved any problems that had ever existed between West and East Berlin although the US made a shell force in West Berlin after its set up. This and the famous â€Å"face-off† between Russian and American tanks at Checkpoint Charlie finally increased tensions. However, by 1963 the Berlin Crisis was pretty much over. Another incident, where the tensions rose again and relationships became worse was at the Paris Summit and the U-2 incident. At that time West Berlin did not want to make any further concessions of East Berlin. On 1 May 1960 a USSR missile brought down a U-2 spy plane of the USA flying over the USSR. Eisenhower was hugely embarrassed for that but thought he did not apologise for this. As a reaction Khrushchev cancelled Eisenhower’s visit in the USSR and the Paris Summit failed. Additionally the Soviets proposed a confederation between the two German states leaving alliances to the NATO and the Warsaw Pact. West saw that as first moves to wards a unification and German disarmament. This however was resisted due to West Berlin as an espionage base behind the Iron Curtain. This stalemate continued until the free elections in the GDR. However, a first moment of agreement about a certain issue was when the US decided to accept the idea of a neutral Austria and a reduction of direct American influence over Austria. Although Khrushchev followed the theory of â€Å"Peaceful Coexistence† he thought there still could be an international transition to socialism. This was also amplified by his foreign policy, which was established in 1956. It said that in the new nuclear age, peaceful coexistence was possible and necessary. First steps towards that was the establishment of the Warsaw Pact in 1955, which was also a response to Western Germany becoming member of the NATO. The Warsaw Pact was a military alliance between the Soviet Union and all East European countries allied to the USSR, involving East Germany. However, there was one clause in the Pact that said if there was a general European treaty of collective security signed, the Pact should be dissolved. This clearly marked the beginning of better relationships. A second moment of representing and developing friendship between those countries was the Geneva Summit in July 1955. Nuclear weapons and Germany were the main issues that were discussed. The fact that discussions were taking place showed an improvement to the relationship between Stalin and Truman. Although there were made agreements on the need for less confrontation and more co-operations, as well as for a stop of testing nuclear weapons, there was still a disagreement about disarmament, European security and control of nuclear weapons. The idea of a united Germany was also rejected. Eisenhower’s â€Å"Open Skies† proposal was therefore rejected by Khrushchev but U-2 spy planes carried on doing their spy flights anyway. Another moment of friendship and peace was, when Eisenhower invited Khrushchev to Camp David, where he also agreed to withdraw his Ultimatum although the US did not make any concessions. Further discussions should take place at the Paris Summit in May 1960. As a final conclusion, you can definitely say that Germany and especially Berlin was a major factor for the development of the Cold War. The issue if West Berlin being inside the heart of East Germany had always caused huge trouble such as the Berlin Blockade as well as the second Berlin crisis. If a divided Germany had not existed there would not have been that many problems. For example the first Berlin crisis, where Stalin ordered to completely cut off West Berlin from any supplies of the East and the Western part of Germany, nearly a hot war broke out. Furthermore a divided Germany had always represented a divided world at that time. At one side there was communism whereas on the other side there was capitalism. How to cite How important was Berlin to the development and outbreak of the Cold War, 1945-1961?, Papers

Effective Evaluation of Marketing Campaign

Question: Discuss about the Effective Evaluation of Marketing Campaign. Answer: Introduction: In the present competitive business environment, it has become necessary for the organizations to focus on the effective development of marketing strategies for achieving sustainable growth in the market. The implemented strategies of the organizations play significant role in fulfilling all the business objectives in an appropriate manner (Paul and Bihani 2014). Specifically, organizations that are doing businesses in the extremely competitive business sectors like retail will have to be extremely cautious regarding the implemented marketing strategies. Otherwise, it will become very difficult for the organizations to sustain its position in the market. In this study, the focus will be provided on a retail organization namely JB HI FI that are doing business in the Australia and New Zealand market. The report will focus on the effective evaluation of the factors that can actually create impact on the overall business processes. The report will also highlight the prime areas that JB HI FI has focused to create maximum impact with the initiated marketing strategies. It has been assessed that effective evaluation of the factors will help JB HI FI to identify the threat factors in an appropriate manner. As a result, it will definitely help to increase the effectiveness of the implemented marketing strategies. The report will also focus on the effective evaluation of the strategies initiated by the competitors for the effective development of counter strategies for fulfilling all the marketing objectives. The report will also focus on providing recommendations to JB HI FI so that it can able to increase its market penetration power in an appropriate way. Marketing background of the company: JB HI FI is the retailer in the consumer goods segments that are primarily focusing on the Australian and New Zealand market for fulfilling all its business objectives. The organization is primarily focusing on to provide Blue-rays, DVDs, electronic hardware and CDs for achieving desired sales objective in an appropriate manner. With the innovative marketing and promotional strategies, it has able to create great amount of popularity in the potential market. In fact, JB HI FI is regarded as one of the most successful and fastest growing businesses of its kind. JB HI FI is a publicly listed organization that has head quarter in the Melbourne areas. Presently, the organization has around 135 stores in several prime areas of Australia. JB HI FI has able to enhance the revenue level around A$4 billion that suggested the market penetration power of the organization (jbhifi.com.au 2016). It has been assessed that JB HI FI has always focused on the effective evaluation of the sustainability factors for creating desired impact on the marketplaces. Firstly, JB HI FI has focused on the development of the strategies for creating positive impact on the environmental condition. For that reason, JB HI FI has focused on the development of the strategies that can reduce the adverse impact on the ecosystem in long run. For that reason, JB HI FI has focused on reducing the use of raw materials on the operational process. In addition, it has also tried to utilize effective packaging system so that environmental condition of the society remains at the highest level (Kotler et al. 2015). Secondly, JB HI FI has also focused on the effective maintenance of employees so that they remain associated with the organization for a long period of time. For that reason, JB HI FI has always focused on providing additional benefits to the internal resources for enhancing the effectiveness of th e operational process. Thirdly, JB HI FI has also focused on the effective utilization of the policies so that it can able to handle the issues related to social sustainability perspectives in an appropriate manner (Castaldo, Grosso and Premazzi 2013). For that reason, JB HI FI has also tried to influence all it s suppliers to conduct businesses in such a way so that it can able to meet all the social norms in an appropriate manner. JB HI FI has always focused on the maintenance of long-term relationship with all the stakeholders so that the entire business processes can be performed within the social norms. Fourthly, JB HI FI has focused on avoiding all economic sustainability risks associated with the businesses. For that reason, the organization has developed several operating plans so that it can able to produce desired level of output in an appropriate manner (Bhowal and Paul 2014). It has focused on the effective utilization of advanced machinery so that it can able to fulfil all the requirements of the market in an effective manner. Fifthly, JB HI FI has focused on the maintenance of legislative rules and regulations so that the entire operational process remains at the highest order. JB HI FI has focused on the maintenance of legislative rules regarding the trade practices for representing itself as a responsible corporate citizen. Thus, the initiated practices have helped the organization to achieve popularity in the desired marketplaces (Wedel, Zhang and Feinberg 2015). Marketing Mix: As per the article by Berthon et al. (2012), marketing mix is among the most popular tools that marketers utilize to penetrate the desired market in an appropriate manner. It allows marketers to identify the elements that can provide competitive advantage in the market. The marketing mix of JB HI FI described as follows: Product: JB HI FI primarily deals in the retail segments where it offers comprehensive range of electronic products. The product segment of the organizations includes items like CDs and DVDs and other computer appliances that people require in their daily life. JB HI FI product portfolio also include products like advanced video games, electronic wrist bands, play stations, which are capable of grabbing the attention of the potential customers in an appropriate way. The organization has included top electronic brands like Sony, Casio and Microsoft Xbox products to create maximum impact on the market (jbhifi.com.au 2016). Furthermore, as JB HI FI is selling advanced electronic gadgets, it has focused on the effective enhancement of the popularity among the youth aged between 12-35 years. For that reason, JB HI FI always has focused on highlight all its products in a colourful way so that it can easily grab the attention of the potential customers in an appropriate way. Price: As per the article by Armstrong et al. (2012), effective utilization of pricing strategy is extremely crucial for reaching to all potential customers in an appropriate manner. JB HI FI has focused on the effective utilization of low cost strategy for enhancing its reach in Australian and New Zealand market. In fact, the business slogan of JB HI FI Always cheapest price indicates the fact that the organization is looking to gain competitive price advantage from all its competitors in order to attract people from the desired market in an appropriate manner. The prime objective of JB HI FI for selecting economic pricing technique is to penetrate different portion of the market. In fact, JB HI FI has initiated range of pricing strategies with the objective of gaining market share even at the expense of loss (Sheau-Ting, Mohammed and Weng-Wai 2013). Moreover, JB HI FI has also focused on the discounting pricing technique on broad range of computer and gaming products for ensuring the atte ntion level of the potential customers remain at the highest order. Promotion: As highlighted by Huang and Sarigll (2014) promotional strategy can create major impact on the overall effectiveness of the business processes for an organization. For that reason, each organization is looking to include unique marketing or promotional strategies for creating maximum impact on the potential market. JB HI FI has primarily focused on the direct marketing and sponsorship programs for grabbing the attention of the potential customers. In addition, JB HI FI has also focused on effective utilization of personal selling technique for retaining the customers for long period of time. JB HI FI also has focused on the effective utilization of advertising technique for increasing the popularity level in the market. Now, JB HI FI has focused on the print media and official website for the effective utilization of advertisement techniques so that the promotional message can reach to all potential customers. Moreover, as social media has become an integral part of youths life, JB H I FI has tried to utilize it in such a way so that the promotional strategy can create maximum impact on the overall business processes. Physical distribution: As highlighted by Leonidou, Katsikeas and Morgan (2013) development of well-structured physical distribution network is necessary for fulfilling the business requirements in an appropriate manner. It has been assessed that the process by which products actually reach to its potential customers can have major impact on the overall revenue level of the organizations. For that reason, JB HI FI has tried to develop retail outlets in almost all the prime areas in Australian market. Presently, JB HI FI has 124 retail outlets in the Australian market and 10 in New Zealand market. Furthermore, JB HI FI has focused on effective enhancement of the number of outlets for increasing the revenue level in an appropriate manner. Furthermore, JB HI FI has consciously tried to develop stores in prime shopping malls or popular places for creating maximum impact on the potential market (Berman and Evans 2013). In addition, JB HI FI also has focused on the development of smaller outlets to enhance the pr esent level of business in an appropriate manner. Competitor analysis: As per the article by Glanz, Bader and Iyer (2012) competitor analysis is important for the organizations in order to create desired impact on the marketplaces. Specifically, as the competition in the global market increasing in continues manner, it has induced all the organizations to focus on the development of effective counter strategies for fulfilling all the business responsibilities in an appropriate manner. Now, JB HI FI is regarded as one of the fastest growing electronic and gaming products selling organizations in the Australian market. Therefore, it also has to face immense competition from different competitors including The Good Guys, Harvey Norman, Big W, David Jones and Target Australia for sustaining its position in the market. It has been assessed that all the competitors of JB HI FI has focused on providing similar types of products in the Australian market. Furthermore, organizations like Harvey Norman and Target Australia has able to develop retail outlets in dif ferent parts of the Australian market. As a result, it has helped the organizations to capture prime portion of the potential Australian market. Hanssens et al. (2014) have highlighted organizations like Harvey Norman has created direct competition with JB HI FI for capturing the attention of the youths living in Australian market. On the other hand, organizations like Big W and Target Australia has created indirect competition, as they have tried to diversify the product range in other departments as well (Kim et al. 2014). For instance, David Jones and Big W have also focused on providing clothing garments to the potential market as well. On the other hand, organizations like Harvey Norman and The Good Guys have restricted their businesses within the electronic sectors only. However, Lund and Marinova (2014) highlighted the fact that utilization of economic pricing strategy has helped JB HI FI to gain popularity in the market in a greater way. For that reason, Harvey Norman and The Good Guys also have tried to utilize economic pricing strategy in order to created desired impact on the potential market. However, the price level of these organizations is still higher than the JB HI FI, which has played a major part in grabbing the market share in an appropriate manner. As JB HI FI is ready to sale products even at loss, it has become very difficult for the competitors to gain advantage from pricing strategies. In case of promotion, all the competitors of JB HI FI have focused on the effective utilization of several promotional tools for creating desired impact on the market. For instance, Harvey Norman has tried to utilize direct marketing campaign for educating potential customers regarding the products and services of the organizations (Samli 2015). On t he other hand, The Good Guys have focused on the personal selling approach for enhancing the satisfaction level of the customers, which is necessary for retaining them for a longer period of time. The promotional strategies of the competitors also have focused on the effective utilization of increasing popularity of internet for reaching to the potential customers (Singh 2012). For that reason, all the competitors have developed prominent websites for providing information to the customers in an appropriate way. Moreover, social media also has been used by the competitors for grabbing the attention of the young generation for achieving sustainable growth in the market (George 2015). Finally, competitors also have focused on the effective utilization of physical distribution network for fulfilling the business objectives in an effective way. For that reason, organizations Big W and Target Australia has focused to developing retail stores on all the prime areas in Australian market. T he competitors have also targeted popular shopping malls and multiplexes for achieving desired sales revenue from the market. Recommendations: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that the implemented business or marketing strategies of JB HI FI has able to create huge impact on enhancing the popularity in the Australian market. However, as the competition is increasing, JB HI FI has to face several challenges associated with the business processes in order to maintain the growth rate in an appropriate manner. Thus, the recommended business strategies for JB HI FI are provided as follows: Effective utilization of pricing strategy: As mentioned earlier, JB HI FI has focused on selling products even at loss for grabbing major share of the market. However, selling products at loss is not an optimal business strategy, as it can create difficulties for the organizations in achieving sustainable growth in the market (Singh 2012). Therefore, it is necessary for the JB HI FI to set the price at such level where organization can actually grab fare share of the market. Increase number of tools used for promotional campaign: Now, in order to set the price level high, JB HI FI will have to focus more on the effective utilization of promotional tools. It has been assessed that utilization of more number of promotional tools help to educate people in an effective manner. Therefore, JB HI FI also has to utilize television advertisements, radio advertisements to educate the people regarding the quality of products and services they provide to the market. Diversify product range: JB HI FI also needs to focus on increasing the product range for maintain the growth rate in the market. For instance, JB HI FI can also diversify its product range apart from electronic products for increasing the revenue level in an appropriate manner. Global market: Presently, JB HI FI is primarily doing businesses in the Australian market and it also has few branches in the New Zealand market as well. However, the organization is still has not focused on the global market for enhancing the revenue level. Therefore, it has become necessary for the organizations to focus on the global market to achieve sustainable growth in the market. Conclusions: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that effective utilization of marketing or promotional technique is necessary for fulfilling all the business responsibilities in an appropriate manner. Organizations will have to focus on the effective evaluation of several factors for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an appropriate manner. It has been assessed that JB HI FI has able to utilize effective marketing campaign for fulfilling all the business objectives. However, there is still scope for JB HI FI to enhance the effectiveness of the marketing campaign for achieving sustainable growth in the market. References: Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2012.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. 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